Regions of boron-doped p-type silicon and n-type phosphorus doped silicon formed adjacent. Intersect some free electrons in the n-type region and fall into the holes in the p-type region, where they remain permanently.
Since this cross-over process continues, each site that permanently negatively charged boron contributed a hole, and every website that phosphorus-up gave an electron is permanently positive charge. Two equal, but oppositely charged areas grow on both sides of the interface p-type/n-type, generates an electric field.
The electric field is oriented to push electrons in a direction towards the swept area of the n-type, and all the holes in the direction of the p-type region. All free charges, which enter the zone of influence of the field immediately swept out of that zone so that the depletion zone is zone. A name for his type of electrical interface between the two regions is dope p / n junction.
The strength of the internal electric field is quite strong. The distance in the region of the array is only about one micron, but the field will be about one volt. This means that if the field had, would extend about an inch about 25,000 volts. This strong box is out equivalent to an "electronic broom", the "sweep" can liberated electrons from the cell and create the one-way flow of electrons that can be called electric current.
When light enters the semiconductor material, and they knock electrons free potential energy, the released electrons migrate until they are pushed by the electric field through the P / N junction. They are pushed out of the cell and are useful work available. Into by the P / N junction of the electrons lose some of their potential. The flowing electrons contribute about 1/2 volt potential after leaving the intersection.
In an assembly, a number of cells connected in series. The electrons flow from one cell to a ladder which they carry to the next cell. In the next cell to be made again of photons, as more potential energy, and returned from the cell. Finally, the electrons leave the last cell in the module and the consumer.
For each electron that leaves a cell, there is another, to replace the back of the load. The wire used to make the connection of the module to the battery and the load and back into the module includes electrons, electrons leave as soon as the last cell in a module and in the line, an electron is moved to the other end of the wire is in the firs cell in the module.
